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  使用JMeter5测试PostgreSQL数据库
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  <p>在本节中，我们使用“JDBC请求”取样器组件来测试PostgreSQL数据库服务器。其他需使用的组件包括 线程组、 JDBC请求、摘要报告。对于MySQL或其他可以通过JDBC驱动连接的数据库，方法是类似的。</p>
<h2 id="准备测试环境"><a href="#准备测试环境" class="headerlink" title="准备测试环境"></a>准备测试环境</h2><p>本示例中JMeter与PostgreSQL运行在同一台机器，使用Java 11，PostgreSQL版本是13.4。</p>
<p>（1）准备数据库</p>
<p>首先需要安装PostgreSQL数据库（后面简称PG），请参考官方安装说明[ pg下载地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.postgresql.org/download/">https://www.postgresql.org/download/</a> ]，选择相符的操作系统，下载和安装PG。完成安装后，我们在PostgreSQL中创建数据库，并在该库下创建数据表以及创建相关用户。</p>
<p>本示例中创建数据库为“exampledb”，表名称为“user_tbl”。下表为相关sql命令。</p>
<p>代码片段 0-1 在PostgreSQL数据库上创建用户和数据表：</p>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#使用postgres用户在pg命令行上执行下述命令</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">USER</span> dbuser2 <span class="keyword">WITH</span> PASSWORD <span class="string">&#x27;password&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> DATABASE test OWNER dbuser ENCODING utf8;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="keyword">ALL</span> PRIVILEGES <span class="keyword">ON</span> DATABASE test <span class="keyword">to</span> dbuser;</span><br><span class="line">#然后使用新创建的用户dbuser登录pg后执行下述命令插入记录</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> user_tbl(name <span class="type">VARCHAR</span>(<span class="number">20</span>), signup_date <span class="type">DATE</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> user_tbl(name, signup_date) <span class="keyword">VALUES</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;john&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;2020-10-01&#x27;</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（2）安装数据库驱动</p>
<p>JMeter需要通过数据库驱动程序连接PostgreSQL数据库服务器，因此要将相关驱动文件复制到 JMeter安装目录下的 ./lib目录，并重启JMeter。JMeter从lib和lib/ext目录加载jar，更多详细信息请参阅JMeter的类路径。我们使用postgresql-42.2.23.jar[ 下载地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download.html">https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download.html</a> ]作为访问PostgreSQL数据库的驱动持续。</p>
<h2 id="添加JDBC请求组件"><a href="#添加JDBC请求组件" class="headerlink" title="添加JDBC请求组件"></a>添加JDBC请求组件</h2><p>此处略过如何添加线程组以及设置用户数，参考之前的操作步骤即可。现在我们要在测试计划中添加执行JDBC Request的JMeter组件，即“JDBC请求”取样器。<br>首先需要配置JDBC连接属性。选择“线程组”，单击鼠标右键，然后选择 添加  →  配置元件 →  JDBC Connection Configuration 。配置该元件属性，如下图所示。</p>
<p>图 3-5-2-1 jdbc connection设置<br><img src="/images/jmeter5/jdbc/jdbc%20connection.png" alt="jdbc connection"></p>
<p>需要设置的字段包括：</p>
<ul>
<li>连接池变量名称（Variable name for created pool）：JDBC取样器使用它来识别相关配置，可以是任何字符串。本示例设为postgresql。</li>
<li>数据库地址（Database URL）：jdbc:postgresql://localhost/exampledb</li>
<li>JDBC 驱动类（JDBC Driver class）：org.postgresql.Driver</li>
<li>用户名（Username）：数据库的用户名。本示例中，此处为dbuser2。</li>
<li>密码（Password）：用户名的密码。本示例中，用户dbuser2的密码是password。</li>
<li>其他字段可以使用默认值。</li>
<li>Validation query字段：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Validation Query：这个有好多资料里都没说到，validationQuery must be an SQL SELECT statement, that returns at least one row。不同的数据库，所选择的Validation Query是不同的，经过外国友人的测试，具体可参照以下（postgresql选select 1）：</span><br><span class="line">hsqldb - select 1 from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SYSTEM_USERS</span><br><span class="line">Oracle - select 1 from dual</span><br><span class="line">DB2 - select 1 from sysibm.sysdummy1</span><br><span class="line">mysql - select 1</span><br><span class="line">microsoft SQL Server - select 1 (tested on SQL-Server 9.0, 10.5 [2008])</span><br><span class="line">postgresql - select 1</span><br><span class="line">ingres - select 1</span><br><span class="line">derby - values 1</span><br><span class="line">H2 - select 1</span><br><span class="line">Firebird - select 1 from rdb$database</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>接着，添加JDBC请求取样器。再次选择 JDBC 用户元素，单击鼠标右键，在弹出菜单选择 添加  →  取样器  →  JDBC Request 。然后，左键选择这个新元素并修改相关配置。</p>
<p>在我们的测试计划中，包括三个 JDBC Request取样器。第一个取样器向PostgreSQL数据库增加一行记录，第二个取样器查询记录，第三取样器清理第一个取样器插入的记录。JMeter 将按顺序将请求发送到服务器。具体配置如下。</p>
<p>图 0-1 第一个JDBC请求取样器即执行增加记录操作的取样器:<br><img src="/images/jmeter5/jdbc/jdbc%20insert.png" alt="jdbc connection"></p>
<p>上述为第一个请求配置面板，属性按如下设置编辑：</p>
<ul>
<li>将名称更改为“jdbc add”。</li>
<li>连接池变量名称：“ postgresql”（与JDBC Connection Configuration即JDBC连接配置中的相同）</li>
<li>设置查询类型（Query Type）为“Update Statement”</li>
<li>SQL 查询字符串</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> user_tbl(name, signup_date) <span class="keyword">VALUES</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;mike&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;2020-10-01&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--其中查询字符串中可以使用JMeter变量或?，如：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> user_tbl(name, signup_date) <span class="keyword">VALUES</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;$&#123;name&#125;&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;2020-10-01&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--其中name为用户定义的变量。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--或者：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> user_tbl(name, signup_date) <span class="keyword">VALUES</span>(?, <span class="string">&#x27;2020-10-01&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--目前暂时不能使用占位符，比如VALUES(?)这样。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>在parameter values传入相关参数，在parameter types设置参数类型，均以逗号分隔。</li>
</ul>
<p>第二个用于查询的JDBC Request取样器如下。<br><img src="/images/jmeter5/jdbc/jdbc%20query.png" alt="jdbc add"></p>
<p>第三个JDBC Request取样器用于清理之前插入的数据，配置如下。<br><img src="/images/jmeter5/jdbc/jdbc%20delete.png" alt="jdbc add"></p>
<h3 id="执行和查看结果"><a href="#执行和查看结果" class="headerlink" title="执行和查看结果"></a>执行和查看结果</h3><p>在执行测试时，JMeter 使用控制面板中指定的配置创建数据库连接池。该连接池在 “JDBC Request ”中的“Variable Name of Pool declared in JDBC Connection Configuration”字段中引用。可以使用多个不同的 JDBC 配置元素，但它们必须具有唯一的名称，否则定义在后面配置将覆盖前面定义的配置。每个 JDBC Request都必须引用一个 JDBC 配置池，多个 JDBC Request可以引用同一个池。</p>
<p>在计划中，可以添加监听器来查看/存储测试结果。</p>
 
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    hasInnerContainers: true,
    scrollSmooth: true,
    scrollContainer: "main",
    positionFixedSelector: ".tocbot",
    positionFixedClass: "is-position-fixed",
    fixedSidebarOffset: "auto",
  });
</script>

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.js"></script>
<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.css"
/>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/justifiedGallery@3.7.0/dist/js/jquery.justifiedGallery.min.js"></script>

<script src="/dist/main.js"></script>

<!-- ImageViewer -->
 <!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>

    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">

        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">

            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" style="display:none" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script> 
<!-- MathJax -->

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->
 
<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>
 
<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->
 
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">
 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>
 
<!-- CanvasBackground -->

<script>
  if (window.mermaid) {
    mermaid.initialize({ theme: "forest" });
  }
</script>


    
    

  </div>
</body>

</html>